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貨期:
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用途:
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Satiety factor closely associated with the actions of leptin and neuropeptide Y; this anorectic peptide inhibits both normal and starvation-induced feeding and completely blocks the feeding response induced by neuropeptide Y and regulated by leptin in the hypothalamus. It promotes neuronal development and survival in vitro.
基因功能參考文獻:
Data suggest that the stress of intermittent hypoxia up-regulates expression of mRNA and protein for POMC and CART in neuronal cell lines; GATA2 and GATA3 appear to be involved in these stress mechanisms. (POMC = proopiomelanocortin; CART = cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein; GATA2 = endothelial transcription factor GATA-2; GATA3 = T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3) PMID: 29275211
Adenocarcinoma growth into the colon wall caused an increase in the relative frequency of CART-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons in enteric plexuses located in the vicinity of the infiltrating neoplasm. PMID: 29385033
In vitro neurochemical studies provide new insights into the interactions among CART peptide, dopamine and cocaine in the nucleus accumbens by showing a direct inhibitory effect of CART on dopamine both in normal conditions and after cocaine induction, as well as an effect of CART on the dopamine metabolites DOPAC, HVA and DOPET. PMID: 28802898
Study conclude that CART is a regulator of glucose homeostasis and could play an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Based on the ability of CART to increase insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion, CART-based agents could be a therapeutic modality in type 2 diabetes. PMID: 27338624
polymorphisms in the gene may be useful in identifying women at risk for osteoporosis. PMID: 25871004
In samples from patients undergoing IVF, there is a significant positive correlation between patient BMI, CART mRNA expression in granulosa cells, and CART peptide levels in follicular fluid. PMID: 26730935
Colocalization experiments provided evidence for the presence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in KP-immunoreactive (IR) and perikarya and in KP-IR and NKB-IR axon varicosities. PMID: 25084101
In schizophrenia patients on clozapine monotherapy, CART levels did not correlate with age, weight, BMI, abdominal, waist and hip circumferences, WHR, blood pressure, clozapine dose or treatment duration, body composition, or markers of insulin resistance PMID: 25219614
Lower CART levels pose a risk for developing polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID: 24995854
CART SNPs (rs10515115, rs3763153, rs3857384, rs11575893, rs16871471) were not associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenia patients. PMID: 24564533
CART is expressed in nerve fibers and co-localizes with other neuronal factors in the circular muscle layer of human descending colon PMID: 23277430
Family-based association study failed to observe a statistically significant association for any of the genotyped SNPs in the CARTPT gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. PMID: 22436349
Ischemia insult triggered by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) enhances NRSF mRNA levels and then NRSF antagonizes the CREB signaling on CART activation, leading to augmented cell death. PMID: 23086924
Serum CART can be detected in both diabetic and non-diabetic human pregnancy and may play an important role in body mass regulation in pregnancy. PMID: 22332848
a detailed description of the CART distribution pattern within the human alimentary tract. PMID: 23034261
The first report on the presence of CART-IR structures in the normal human pancreas. PMID: 22257587
Expression of CART in small bowel carcinoid tumors is associated with worse survival. PMID: 22553341
It was shown that cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein (CART) increases the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor alpha and that CART stimulates an autocrine/paracrine loop within tumor cells to amplify the CART signal. PMID: 22139072
This study demonistrated thatsex difference in CART dynamic expressions in the midbrain of drug-free depressed suicide victims. PMID: 21803054
No significant correlations are found between cerebrospinal fluid levels of orexin A and CART, fatigue, and hypersomnolence in multiple sclerosis patients. PMID: 21605873
The CART c.517A-->G polymorphism was significantly associated with obesity susceptibility. PMID: 21921635
CART is produced in the majority of neuroendocrine tumors, regardless of tumor origin. PMID: 21832817
genetic variants in the CART gene may not play a major role in the vulnerability of schizophrenia subjects to concurrent alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence. PMID: 20362026
Our results supported the hypothesis that inherited variations of the CART gene could influence the development of obesity also in Italian children. PMID: 20151954
genetic variants involved in weight gain, development of obesity PMID: 11791158
Review. The genetics of CART and its role in reward, stress, and feeding behavior are reviewed. PMID: 12147208
AvaII polymorphism (rs2239670) in intron 1 of the CART gene is associated with alcoholism in the Korean male population. PMID: 15234472
Mutating codon 34 of human proCART alters the levels of CART peptides in transfected AtT20 cells. PMID: 15326462
CART SNP -3608T>C may possibly contribute to the genetic risk for obesity in the Caucasian population PMID: 15823203
CART has a role in the control of appetite [review] PMID: 16102267
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptides (55 to 102 & 62 to 102) are neurotransmitters with roles in a number of processes, including drug abuse by virtue of the fact that they are modulators of mesolimbic function [Review] PMID: 16146347
Obesity observed in humans bearing the Leu34Phe mutation could be due to a putative deficiency in hypothalamic bioactive CART. PMID: 16210370
analysis of CART binding sites on HepG2 cells and mouse hypothalamic dissociated cells PMID: 16309793
CART signaling is the main molecular pathway accounting for the decrease in bone resorption leading to high bone mass in mice and humans deficient in Mc4r PMID: 16614075
The anatomy of CART-containing neurons in the human infundibular nucleus raises the question as to whether this is asssociated with neuropeptide Y and agouti related protein. PMID: 17525122
reviews the localization of CART mRNA expression in the human brain and its possible relevance to human cocaine abuse [review] PMID: 17631364
This study do not support an association of the CARTPT gene with cocaine dependence. PMID: 18572320
Data show that CSF CART levels are significantly reduced by 30% in Dementia with Lewy bodies patients compared to controls as well as to Alzheimer's disease patients using radioimmunoassay. PMID: 19356602
Medium-sized CART-positive neurons are common in the medial division of the shell of nucleus accumbens in monkeys. CART may be involved in neuronal and behavioural changes that underlie addiction to psychomotor stimulants and feeding. PMID: 10235641
The solution structure of the biologically active part of CART (residues 48-89) consists of turns and loops spanned by a compact framework composed of a few small stretches of antiparallel beta-sheet common to cystine knots. PMID: 11478874
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亞細胞定位:
Secreted.
蛋白家族:
CART family
組織特異性:
Hypothalamus. Found in neurons of the ventrolateral part of the arcuate nucleus, in the external zone of the median eminence, and also found in terminals in the periventricular part of the paraventricular nucleus.